Teacher Mobility in Punjab, Pakistan: Stayers and Movers within the Public and Private Schools

Understanding the determinants of teacher mobility is important in order to implement effective policies for recruitment, retention, and fair allocation teachers. The transfer policy implemented Punjab, Pakistan, intended address corruption a teachers public schools. However, has implications mobility. This paper presents survey findings on patterns schools examining extent comparison with private In survey, 1002 in-service participated, 46% reported changing school at least once during their teaching career. show that who changed early career, an average two years experience, gained higher salary benefits by compared experienced teachers, 14 never career had lower salaries but satisfaction life general as workplace. most common reasons were lack resources, difficulty commuting school, unmanageable student–teacher ratio, no chance promotion Teacher was slightly schools, despite implementation merit-based policy. A binary logistic regression model constructed outcome (or not), base figure 54%. By adding gender, marital status, type, length teachers’ satisfaction, increased correct predictions 62%. workload did not explain any variation model. These have lessons retain offering longer contracts reliable pension schemes. Policymakers must consider facilitating workplace, particularly making rural areas attractive places retention phases.